Process of refrigeration.



H. HA SOU'IHWUPIIH u C. G. ARMSTRONG.

:PEGI/ESS 0F REFRIGEIIATION, APPLICATION r'ILED JUNE I4, IQIZ. hl.Patented DB0. 23, 1915.

" 2 SHEETS-SHEET I1 HA H. SOUTHWURTH i (l. G. ARMSTRONG.

PROCESS 0F REFRIGERATION. APPLlYcATloN HLEDJUNE |4. n

Pmemed bw. 23,1915.

2 SHEETS-SHEU 2.

HARRISON H. SOUTHWORTH, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, ANI) CHARLES G. ARMSTRONG.

NEW YORK, N. Y.,ASSIGNORS, BY MESNE ASSIGNMENTS, TO THE ICELESS nsParana COMPANY, OF CLEVELAND, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

rnoonss or REFRIGERATION.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Iatentcdiec. 253',

woR'rH and CHARLES G. ARMSTRONG, citizens of the United States, andresidents, respectively, of Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga andState of Ohio, and of New York, in the county of New York and StateofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Processesof Refrigeration; and we do hereby declare that the following is a full,clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference marked thereon,which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to anV improved process of refrigeration fortransposing the weak, exhausted absorbent from the generator or still tothe absorber and the saturated absorbent from the absorbervto thegenerator or still after the generation of the refrigerant has beencarried to the desired point, and consists of the matters hereinafterdescribed 'and more particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

As we proceed with our specification we will refer to a form ofapparatus for carrylng out our improved process of refrigeration but itis to be understood that we are not claiming same in this application,said appa-v ratus being covered by a divisional application, Patent No.1,109,021, issued September 1st, 1914.

In carrying out our invention, we' provide a still and an absorber, andin addition another vessel adapted to act as an intermediary containerin the transposition of contents between the still and the absorber andwhich, in the embodiment 'of the apparatus illustrated in the drawings,is adapted to hold the weak absorbent while the strong saturatedabsorbent is being taken from the absorber and put into the still.

While the invention is not limited thereto, we prefer to use water asthe absorbent and ammonia as the refrigerant and in hereinafterdescribing our invention we shall refer for convenience to suchabsorbent and refrigerant alone.

v tainer to the absorber.

In the apparatus shown in the drawings the contents of the still areheated to a predetermined temperature corresponding with and indicatingthat the liquor therein has been reduced to the intended stage ofweakness, when the hot weak liquor is conveyed to the intermediarycontainer. rIhe strong liquor in the absorber is then'taken from theabsorber to the still and the weak liquor is then transposed from theintermediary con- Suitable conn ctions are provided between the severalvessel -con stituting the parts mentioned and automatic devicesl areprovided to open communication between the several vessels referred toso as to permit the interchangedescribed.

In the drawings, Figure l is a view representing a vertical sectionthrough an apparatus adapted for carrying out our improved 1 process.Figj2 is a view representing a ver-i tical central section through oneof the thernl ostatically operated valves. Fig. 3 is a View representinga vertical central section through another form of thermostaticallyoperated valves used in this apparatus. Fig. 4 is a View representing avertical longitudinal Section through the check-valves located at theinlet end of the pipe, leading to the condenser receiver coil. Fig. 5 isa vertical longitudinal section through the thermostatically controlledfuel gas supply valves. Fig. 6 is a view representing a vertical centralsection through a third form of thermostatically operated valve used inthe apparatus.

Referring now to the drawings, 10 indicates a still or generator whichmay` be of any convenient construction and as shown consists of anelongated closed drum made of metal. This generator, as will presentlyappear, is heated during a time Will appear, acts in the embodiment ofthe Y,

invention sho-wn in the drawings as an intermediary container forreceiving and holding the weak liquor during the transposition of thestrong liquor from the absorber 11 to the still 1Q.

13 indicates a condensing and receiving coil in which the ammonia gas iscondensed and retained and from which it passes to the refrigeratingcoils in a familiar manl ner.

In the absorption drum 11 is located a coil` 14 which, as shown,extends'froln end.

through the topvof said drum. Said pipe 20 has perforations 21 on itslower side.'l

The intermediary drum 12 is connected with the absorption drum 11 anupright pipe 23 which connects at its ,upper end with a' perforated pipe22 `extending longitudinally through the intermediary drum near itsbottom and connects Iat its lower ,end with a pipe 25 extending into theabsorption drum 11 near its top'. 26 indicates a normally openvalveinterposed in the pipe 23 and adapted, as shown herein, to beclosedby a thermostatically operated device (the construction to bedescribed more particularly later).' Said valve controls the flow fromthe intermediary drum 12 'to the absorption drum 11.

27 indicates a casing containing a diaphragm for operating said Valveand 28 indicates, a pipe communicating With said diaphragm easing andconnected at its other end with a closed'shell 29surrounding the pipe 15that leads ,from the still 10 -to the absorption drum 11. `Said shell 29is located near the lower end of the pipe 15 adjacent the point where itis connected with the still 10. Said shell 29 and pipe 28 are adaptedfor containing an expansible the'rmostatic"iuid which is readilyaffected by changes in temperature.

30 indicates a normally closed valve interposed in the pipe 15 near thelower end thereof and adapted to be controlled by a diaphragm in acasing 31 connected by a pipe 32 with a pipe 33'extending into thestill.` Said pipe 33 is closed .at its inner end and contains athermostatic fluid adapted to be affected by changes of temperature. Asshown, the pipe 33 extends through a 'T-tting connecting the pipes 15and 16 longitudinally A shown and'through the pipe 16. The thermostatic-pipe 3 3 is also connected with a-second pipe 34 opening into a casing35 containing a diaphragm which controls the operation of a valve 36.Said valve 36 controls the iow of fuel-'gas from a supply pipe 37 to aburner pipe 3S located below the still.

39 indicates an ammonia gas discharge pipe in the top of the still, openat Iits inner end and projecting through the` endwall of the still. Saiddischarge pipe connects with a pipe 40 which is connected by a T-tting41 with a pipe 42 leading to the condensing and receiving coil 13.l Thepipe 42 is also, as shownherein, connected by the T-itting 41 with apine 43 which .connects with the pipe25 in the top of the absorption'drum 11. As shown, the connection is made by a `T-iitting which alsoconnects the pipe 25 f -`with the pipe 23 that leads from theintermediary drum 112.

44, 45 indicate. check valves located7 re-A spectively, in the pipe' 40and in the pipe 43 on each side of the 'litting 41 con-` nected to Ithepipe 42 which leads to .the liquid condenser and-receiving coil 13. Eachcheck valve is adapted to permit a 'flow toward the pipe. 42 but toprevent a return flow therefro-m.`

Ajpipe 46 leads from the outlet end of the condensing and receiving coil13 to the refrigerating coils (not shown) and a return pipe 47 leads theexpanded ammonia.

gas from said refrigerating coils to the absorption drum 11,` beingconnected to a perforated suction pipe 48 located near the bottom of the:absorption drum and as extending through the coil 14 therein. y

The absorption drum 11 and the still 10 are connected by a pipe 53,which has connection at its upper end with a pipe 54 that opens into theabsorption drum near its bottom and has connection vat its lower endWith a pipe 55 that opens into the still near its top. 56 indicates avalve interposed in the pipe 53 to control the flow therethrough. Asshown'herein, said valve is thermostatically controlled, 57 indica-tingacasing containing a diaphragm for operating said valve 56 and saidcasing being connected with a pipe 58 containing a thermostatic Huid andhaving an end 59 extending into the absorption drum 11. The end of saidthermostatic pipev VVsupplied from a pipe 5 0 which extendslongitudinally above the intermediary drum 12 and is providedwithiperforations through which the water is discharged on. saidintermediary drum. As shownfthe drums. 12,

11 and the condensing and receiving coil 13 are arranged one above theother and the water which drips upon the intermediary drum in the firstinstance falls from that into the tank 49 and'keeps the water at suchlevel therein that the coil 13 and the absorption drum 11 are covered.An overflow pipe is provided in the tank 49 at a level slightly abovethe top of the absorption drum 1l.

Referring now more in detail to the several valves mentioned, the valveand casing 26 and 27 are as follows, the same beingl shown in verticalcentral section i-n Fig. 2. The valve 26 consists of 'a' tube 61 in thelower end` of which is secured a tubular valve block 62 having at itsupper end a knife-edge valve seat 63. Said valve seat is preferably madeOfcase-hardened steel and is adapted to seat a ball 64 fixed to thelower end of a rod or stem 66. The pipe 23 leading to the drum 11 issecured to the bottom of the tubular valve easing 61 and the pipe 22 issecured to the side of said casing and opens into the same above thevalve seat A flow of the contents of the intermediary drum 12 to theabsorber drum 11 by gravitation when the valve is open is thus madepossible. Above the ball there is Jformed in the valve casing 61 apartition 65 having an aperture through which the vertical rod or stem66 extends. 67 indicates a washer or plug of soft elastic materialthrough which said valve stem extends, and 69, 68 indicate metal washerslocated respectively at the upper and lower ends of said plug 67.

lTo the upper end of the valve casing 61 is secured the diaphragm casing27 which comthe diaphragm 72.

prises upper andlower members 70, 71 provided witlrannular flanges whichare secured together and which confine between them diaphragm member 72.The thermostatic'pipe 28 is connected to the upper casing member so thatthe thermostatic fluid in said pipe will come in contact with 73indicates a spring interposed between the top washer 69 and a plate 74that engages the bottom of the diaphragm 72. Said spring acts-normallyto hold the ball 64 above its seat. lVhen, as will presently bedescribed, the temperature of the thermostatic-fluid in the pipe 28 israised to a predetermined point, said fluid will expand through the tube28 and in the chamber abovethe diaphragm 72, depressing said diaphragmand with it the stem 66, causing the ball 64 to close on its seat 63.

Fig. 3 .shows a vertical central section through the valve 56 and thecasing 57. In this case the valve consists of a tubular valve casing 75containing within it an aperture v alve plug 76 having formed at itsupper end a conical knife edge seat 77 adapted to seat a ball valve 78.liSaid Valve pl-ug has a lateral port 79v which is arranged in line witha pipe 53 opening laterally into.the tube casing 56 and forming part ofthe pipe connection 53 between the absorption drum 11 and the still 10.8O indicates a washer threaded into the lower end of the tubular casing75 in engagement against the bottom of the valve plug 76 and adapted toreceive the thrust of an upper washer 81 at the upper end of a block orplug 82 of soft elastic materral through which avertical valve stemvalve plug 76 from rotating in the valve casing and taking'itsl port 79out of alinement with the pipe 53, a set screw 9Q is threaded throughthe tubular wall of the casing 56 and. engaged in a recess in the sideot' the tubular valve plug. v

lVhen the thermostatic fluid in the pipe 58 is at normal temperature,the valve stem 83 ,is held by the spring in a position below the ball 78so that it has no effect thereon,

acting as a check valve to prevent a return flow from the still towardthe absorption drum 11. lVhen the thermostatic fluid is heated to apredetermined point so as to act upon the diaphragm 88 the stem 83 israised slightly and the ball 78'raised from its seat, thus permitting afree flow from the absorption drum toward the still.

The construction of the `valve 30 and diaphragm casing 31 (see Fig. 6)is substantially identical withthat just described, except that the ball78'l is lixed to the upper end of the stem 83a, so that the ballmovesonly with the stem.

lVhen the thermostatic tube 33 is heated to a predetermined temperature,the valve, normally held closed by the associated spring, is raised fromits seatso as to permit a flow from the still through the pipe 15 to thecoil 14 in the absorption drum. Then said thermostatic tube cools downagain, the spring lowers the 'stem and with it the ball, which isheldagainst its seat by the spring.

the ball simply resting upon its seat and The checks 44 and 45 are shownin Fig.V

4 and are of familiar construction compris# ing eacha casing 9()contalning'a divlding wall 91 having a port with a knife-edge valve seat92 on which seats a ball valve 93.

Said valves each permit a flow toward the pipe 42 but prevent a backflow from said plpe.

The gais controlling valve 36 is shown in section on the leftin Fig. 5.This 1s of-famillar construction including a .valve casing 94 containinga dividing wall 95 provided With a port and valve seat 96. 97 indicatesa Valve disk on the end of a stem 98 which is operated by a diaphragm 99in the diaphragm casing 35` which is similar to those Ijust described. Aspring 100 acts to normally hold the valve stem in sucli position thatthe valve 97 is olf its seat and the parts are so adjusted that when acertain predetermined temperature is reached by the thermostatic fiuidin the pipes 33 and 34 the valve is closed upon its seat thus shuttingoff the gas supply. The valve disk 97 isA provided with an aperture 101adapted to permit a. small flow of gas even after the valve is closed soasto retain a pilot frame in the burner 38.

The operation of our improved process is as follows: At the beginning ofa cycle the 'still 10 is charged with strong liquor, the

absorption drum 11 contains weak liquor and the intermediary drum 12 isempty.

t The ammonia gas which has passed through the refrigerating coils andis returning through the pipe 47 enters the suction pipe 48 in theabsorption drum and is absorbed by the weak liquor therein. A checkvalve 47a in the pipe 47, which is preferably of the same constructionas the check valves illustrated inl Fig. 4, permits a free flow towardthe suction pipe but prevents a backfflow from the pipe 48 to the pipe47. The thermostatic tube 33 being4 yet below the predeterminedtemperature at which it acts on the diaphragm 99 in the diaphragm casing35 to close the gas supply valve, said valve 1s open fully and theburner 38 is burning at full power below the still.. The positivelyclosing valve 30 inthe pipe 15 controlling the connection between thestill and the coil 14 in the absorption drum is closed and the valve 56controlling the flow between the still and the absorption drum is oncheck so as to prevent a flow from the still to the absorption drum. Thevalve 2 6 in the pipe 23 connecting the intermediary drum 12 with theabsorber. drumll is open. n still and the absorber continue to act mtheir respective capacities as such,-ammon1a gas .j being driven offfrom the still and the am- .monia gas coming from the refrigeratingcoils being absorbed by the liquor '1n the.

absorption drum. The ammonia gas driven from the still passes throughthe pipe 39,

the pipe 40', the check valve 44 and down through the pipe 42 to thecondensing and receiving coil 13. The check valve 45 prevents theammonia gas from going beyond said valve. When a predeterminedtemperature is -reached in the still 1() correspending to the weaknessof liquor the apparatus is designed t0 Work with, the thermostatic fluidin the pipe 33 expands through the pipe 34 into the diaphragm casing 35,depresses the diaphragm against the action of the spring and causes thefuel gas-supplyvalve to close on its seat, thus turning down the burnerto pilot flame. At the same time said thermostatic fluid expands throughthe pipe 32 into the diaphragm casing 31, raises the stem 83a and liftsthe ball 78EL from its seat, thus permitting a free passage of the hotWeak liquor through the pipe 15 toward the coil 14. rl`he passage of thehot weak liquor through vthe pipe 15 and through the thermostatic casing29 connected with .the thermostatic pipe 28 raises the temperature ofthe thermostatic fluid therein, which ev-v causes the diaphragm 72 todepress the stem 66 and close the ball valve 64 on its seat, thuspositively closing the connection between the intermediary drum 12 andthe absorption drum 11. There being at this time a comparatively lowpressure in the intermediary drum 12, corresponding to the pressure inthe absorber -drum 11, with which it was' connected prior to the closingof the valve 26, substantially all of the hot weak liquor passes rapidlyfrom the still through the pipe 15, the coil 14 in the absorption drum,and the pipe 19 tothe discharge pipe 20 in the top of the intermediaryvdrum, through which it -is discharged into said intermediary drum. Asthe valve 26 is nowv closed as has just been described, the weak liquoris retained in said drum. As the hot Weak liquor passes through the coldliquor in the absorption drum 11, which has`now approached the point ofsaturation, the temperature of said liquor is raised by reason of theheat conveyed from the hot weak liquor to the coil 14, and this rise oftemperature increases the pressure in the absorber 11 and iscommunicated to the end 59 of the thermostatic tube 58, thus causing anexpansion of the thermostatic fluid in said tube which acts on thediaphragm in the casing 57 and causes the valve operating stem in saidcasing to rise and lift the ball valve from its seat, thereby openingcommunication between the absorption drum 11 and the still 10.

In the passage of the hot weak liquor from the still to the container12, a part of its heat is lost in the manner already described, so thatwhen it reaches said container it is in condition to absorbzsuch ammoniaas is present in said container and as its temperature is furtherlowered by contact with the cooled drum (which is cooled by the Waterflowing upon it) practically all ofthe am- Inonia gastherein isabsorbedand a partial vacuum is produced in the said container,saidpartial vacuum extending back through the -pipe 19, coil 14 and pipe15 to the still 10. v f v The pressure in the still, from whichsubstantially all of the hot weak-liquor has been discharged, beingcomparatively. much lower than that in the absorption drum containinglthe now hot strong liquor under pressure, substantially all of saidstrong liquor Hows rapidly from the absorption drum into the still 10.In the meantime, that is to say, in the interim between the passage ofthe hot weak liquor through the coil 14 and of the raising of thetemperature of the thermostatic member 59 so as to open the 15 valve 56as just described, the thermostatic tube 33 has been cooling sothat whenthe comparatively cooler liquor from the absorption drum comes into thestill and into contact with the thermostatic tube 33, the

temperature of the thermostatic iuid there- 'inV is lowered so that thepressure in the diaphragm casingl 31 is` no longer capable of holdingthe ball valve oif its seat against vthe action of the associated.spring which resists the upward movement of 'the stem,

and such ball valve is closed on its seat and again acts to prevent theflow of liquor from the still through the pipe 15. Very soon afterwardAthe thermostatic casing 29 has 30 become cool, the pressureon theI,associated diaphragm is relieved, and the ball of the valve 26 islifted from its seat by the associated spring, thus'openingcommunication between the intermediary drum 12 and the absorber 11.Whenthe valve 26 is opened as already described the ammonia gas in theabsorber 11,A being under high pressure, rushes into the container 12thrpugh the pipe 23 and perforatedpipe 22 and being 4 0v rapidlyabsorbed by the weak liquor therein, a balance of pressure between theab-. f sorber and the intermediaryoontainer is .I produced, Whereupontheweak liquor flows by gravity into the absorber, and there acts a5' inthe usual way to absorb the ammonia gas returning from the refrigeratingcoils.`

, lW'e now have weak liquor in the absorber .drum 11 ready to absorb theammonia gas .returning from the refrigerating Acoils and .50 strongliquor in the stilllO ready to be fheated to drive oiiammoma gas to theliquid -receiving and condensing 'coil 13, and the pressure in thediaphragm casing 35 and lthe'diaphragm controlling the fuel gas sups/ply lvalve'36 havi g been relieved at about the same time tha thepressure was relieved iii/the diaphragm casing 31 to permit the closingof the valve 30,thegburne'r 38 is again burning with full power underthe still 10 M" andf/we have the sameconditions with which we startedthe operation, as first described.

v''f'lhe/fconnection of the/pipeA 25l in the top of theabsorber drum1/1A through the p ipe 7,13 lwith the pipe 42 leading to the receivingcoil 13 is made as herein described, so that 1n case excessive pressureis developed in the absorber drum 11 during the 'time that the hot wealrliquor is passing through the co11 14, that 1s to say, a pressure abovecondenser pressure, this pressurer may be relleved by a .How of ammoniagas through the pipe 43 to said receiving coil.

In order that the work of the still and of except that the positionofthe valve disk 97 L" is placed on the side of its seat opposite to itsstem 98a and the pressure of the spring thus acts to close the valve,while the pressure in the diaphragm tends to open the valve. A casing106 is connected with the casi'ng of said valve and contains a diaphragmfor operating said valve A'pipe 105 connects said diaphragm casing withthe top of the intermediary drum 12.

As the pressure intheintermediarycontainer drum 12, except when thevalve 26 is closed, is the same as the pressure in the absorber drum 11,the pressure 1n the' pipe,

105 always represents the true back pressure. Should the, absorption inthe drum 11 at the beginning of the-cycle be so rapid.

that a. very low pressure exists in said drum, that is to say, apressure below a predetermined low point, this pressure in the pipe 105and in the casing 106 will not be suffic ient to overcome the action ofthe associate spring which normally tends to close the valve, so thatsaid spring will holdthe valve disk of the valve 107 closed on its.seat, thus cutting oif the fuel gas supplyto the burner 38, (except anamount sufiicient to supply a" pilot flame), notwithstanding the factthat the valve 36 is open. Soon, however', as the pressure in the'absorber rises above this prede'terminedlow degree of pressure,'indicating that it is catching up in its work with the still, the back pressurein the'pipe 105 will be sufficient to overcome the spring and 'raise thevalve disk of the valve 107 from its seat, thus eliminating the valve107 from the operaotion of the apparatus. 'V

lVhile we have shown herein a thermostatic device for opening the valve56, to permit the strong liquor to pass from the absorber to the still,such thermostatic device is not essential to the operation of the a flowfrom the absorber to the still Whenever the pressure in the absorber isgreater than that in the still. Thus as already 4described, after thehot Weak liquorhas passed tothe intermediary container and a partialvacuum has come to exist, as described in the still 10, thecomparatively greater pressure produced-in the absorber,-by reason ofthe increase in temperature due to the heating of the strong liquortherein by the pas- 'sage of the hot weak liquor through the coil 14,will force the valve open and produce a movement of the contents oftheabsorber to the still.

lVe claim as our invention;

1. The process of refrigeration comprising driving off gas from asolution thereof, liquefying such gas, evaporating such liquefied gas byheat from the substance to be cooled, and reintroducing the exhaust gas'into the solution, in. conjunction With trans.-

posing Weak absorbent from the vessel acting as a still to thevesselacting as an absorber and of transposing the strong absorbent fromthe vessel. acting as /an absorber to the vessel acting as a still bypassing the absorbent from one vessel through an inter- 7 mediarycontainerand then passing the ab-V sorbent from the other vessel to thefirst vessel from'Whichthe absorbent has been taken, utilizing heatdeveloped in the Weak absorbent in the still to heat the strongabsorbent by causing an interchange of heat between the Weak and strongabsorbents to develop a differential of pressure in the strong absorbentsufficient to force said strong absorbent into the still.

2. The process' of refrigerating'compris-- ing driving off gas frompasolution thereof, liquefying such gas, evaporating such lique- .fied gasby heat from the substance to'be cooled, and reintroducing the exhaustgas into the solution, in conjunction With transposing the Weakabsorbent from the vessel acting as a still to the vessel acting as anabsorber and of transposing the strong absorbent fromvthe vessel actingas an absorber to the vessely acting as astill-by vpassing the absorbentfrom one' vessel through an -intermediary container-and then passing theab sorbent from the other vessel to the first vesl sel from which theabsorbent has been taken,

= lied gasby heat from the substance to be utilizing heat acquired bythe absorbent in the still to control the releasing of the hot 'Weakabsorbent from the still and to develop a differential of pressure inthe strong absorbent suflicient to force said strong abincassa sorbentinto the still by causing an'interchange of heat from the Weak to thestrong absorbent.

3. The process'of refrigeration comprising driving off gas fromafsolution thereof,

liquefying suchV gas, evaporating such lique-v l fied gas by heat fromthe substance to'be cooled, and reintroducing the exhaust gas tvabsorbent from one'vessel through an intermediary container and thenpassing the ab-` sorbent from the other Vessel to the first vessel fromwhich absorbent has been removed, utilizing heat acquired by theabsorbent in the still to control the release of the hot Weak absorbentfrom the still and to shut ofi the heat supply for said stillandl usingthe heat of the hot Weak absorbent after it hasleft the still bycausing-an interchange of heat between the Weak to the strong absorbentto produce'a differential of pressure in said strong absorbentsufiicient to `drive said strong absorbent into the still.

4. TheI process of refrigeration comprising driving -olf 'gas from asolution thereof,

liquefying such gas, evaporating suchlique- Ified gas by heat from thesubstance to be cooled, and reintroducing the exhaust gas into thesolution` in conjunction With transposing the weak absorbent fr om thevessel acting as a still to the vessel acting as an absorber and oftransposing the strong absorbent' from the vessel acting` as vanabsorber to the vessel acting as a still by passing the absorbent fromone vessel through an intermediary container and then passingtheabsorbent from the other vessel to thev frst'vessel from whichabsorbent has been remov'ed, utilizing the heat acquired by theabsorbent in the still to control the release of the hot Weak absorbentfrom the still and to shut olf the heat 'supply from said s/till, andusing heat of the hot Weak absorbent -after it has left the still tocontrol the ad-` mission of the strong absorbent to the still and toproduce. a differential of pressure in said strong absorbent sufficientto drive; said strong absorbent into the stillby causing an interchangeof-heat between'the weak an thestrong absorbent.

5. The process of refrigeration comprising driving off gas from asolution thereof,

liquefying such'gas, evaporating such liqueposing. the lWeak absorbentfrom the still to.

the absorber and of transposing the strong incassa absorbent from theabsorber to the still by passing the contents of the still through anjintermediary' container, While the 'strong absorbent is passed from theabsorber to the still, utilizing the heat acquired by the. absorbent inthe still to open communication between the still and the intermediarycontainer and utilizing heat of the weak` absorbent to raise thetemperature of the sorber and of transposing the strong absorbent fromthe vessel acting as an absorber to the vessel acting as a still bypassing the absorbent. from one vessel through an intermediary containeradapted to hold the same While the absorbent is passed from the othervessel to the one from which the absorbent has been removed, utilizingheat, of the Weak absorbent atterrit has left the still to raise theYpressure in the strong ab! sorbent by passing the hot Weak absorbentinproximity thereto causing an interchange of heat between the weak andthe strong absorbent and i utilizing the differentials of pressuredeveloped between the several vessels to produce the saidtranspositioris.

7. The process of refrigeration comprising drivin'gofi'l gas from asolution thereof, liquefying such gas, evaporating such liquefied gas byheat from the substance to be cooled, and lreintroducing the exhaust gasinto the solution, in conjunction With transposing the Weak absorbentfrom the vessel acting as a still to the vessel acting as an absorber,and of transposing the strong absorbent from the vessel acting as anabsorber, to the vessel acting as a still by passing the absorbent `fromone vessel through an intermediary container adapted' to hold the sameWhile the absorbent is passed from the other vessel t9 the one'ffromwhich the absorbent has been removed, cooling the intermediarycontainer, utilizing heatI of the Weak absorbent after 'it has left-thestill to raise the pressure 'of the strong absorbent by causing aninterchange of heat between the Weak and-strong absorbent and utilizingthe differentials of pressure 'developed between the severalvessels toproduce the said transpositions.

8. The process of refrigeration comprising driving off gas from asolution thereof,

vliquefying such-gas, evaporating such liquefied gas by heat from thesubstance to be cooled, and reintroducing the exhaust gas into thesolution; in conjunction with transposing the weak absorbent from thevessel acting as a still tofthe vessel acting as an absorben andoftransposing the strong absorbent from the vessel acting as an absorbertothe vessel acting as a still by passing the absoioent from one vesselthrough an intermediary container adapted to hold the same ,while theabsorbent is passed from the othervessel to the ore fromvhich theabsorbent has been removed, cooling t-he said intermediarycontainerfutilizing heat of the weak absorbent after it has left .thestill to raise the pressure in the strong absorbent by passing the hotweak absorbent in proximity thereto to cause an interchange o-f'heatbe-Y tween the Weak and strong absorbents, uti- `lizing the differentialsof pressure developed between the several vessels to producethetransposition from and to the still, and utilizing gravity to producethe transposition between the absorber and intermediary container.

9. The process of refrigeration comprisi strong solution and transposingthis strong solution to the place of distillation, being replaced at thepoint of absorption by the weak solution from the intermediate point,the hot Weakv solution passing from the point of distillation inproximity to the strong solution being used to cause a trans-` positionof heat from the Weak solution to.

thestrong solution .to produce a differential of pressure inl the strongsolution sufficient to drive it to the point of distillation;

roo

10. rl`he process of refrigeration comprising distilling strong solutionthereby driving off distillate so that it becomes Weak solution,condensing and evaporating the distillate, using other Weak solution toabsorb the volatilized distillate from the re-` frigerating coils until"it becomes strong solution, then bringing the hot Weak solution from thepoint of distillation to an intermediate point, leading it through thestrong solution and transposing this strongsolu tion to the place ofdistillation, being replaced at the point of `absorption by the Weaksolution from the intermediate point, the' hot Weak solution passingfrom the point vof distillation in a circuitous course throughvsuficient to drive it to the point of distillation.

In testimony that We claim the foregoing as our invention, we affix oursignatures 'in the presence of Wltnesses, the said HAR- RIsoN H.SOUTHWORTH at Cleveland, Ohio,

this 10th day of June, A. D. 1912, andthe said CHARLES G. ARMsTRoNG atNew York city, New York, this 11th day 'of J une, A. D.

HARRISON H. SOUTHWORTH. CHARLES G. ARMSTRONG.

Witnesses to the signature of Harrison H.

Southworth.:

JOHN H. GARFIELD, l/VILFORD C; SAEGER.

Witnesses to the signature of Charles G.

Armstrong:

ENZO YocoA, A. O. BLACKMAN.

